Tag: koshinto

Interview with Fukiko Ostensen

The previous Green Shinto posting announced a new hokora shrine planned for Upstate New York. One of the organisers, Fukiko Ostensen, has kindly agreed to answer questions about the project in the hope of helping others who may be similarly inspired.


A pond across from where the hokora is going to be established. The Dalai Lama said it houses a huge Naga spirit, and since Sukunabikona also has a dragon form it is thought to be appropriate.

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1) When and how did the idea for a hokora first arise?
(Fukiko Ostensen) Last year, my dear friend and business partner, Mayumi Motoki (Mami), started receiving messages from above (Ten 天) saying we should create a shrine in Upstate New York. She often receives interesting spiritual messages, but this one felt like it was beyond our ability to facilitate at first. So, it remained just an idea for about a year.

Then this spring, we got together with local author, friend, and supporter Maya van der Meer, who was immediately on board with our vision. Maya has often felt there would be tremendous benefit from having an attended dragon shrine in our mountains, where stone serpent effigies that map the constellation Draco have been discovered. Dragons (ryū 龍) are highly respected in Japan, considered as benefactors and protectors of humankind; powerful and wise guardians. They are often associated with Shinto shrines.

The three of us meditated together, deepened our commitment to the project, and asked for guidance. Within a month, everything came together! We connected with Seiji Yamamoto sensei who generously agreed to come from Japan to consecrate the shrine with the powerful, healing deity Sukunabikona (少彦名神), who appears in both human and dragon form. We also found the perfect location at Menla Retreat Center in the heart of the Catskill Mountains.

2) What is the main purpose of your project?
We do various activities based on our heritage to benefit the local communities, like serving Japanese style fermented foods, providing healing arts, hosting seasonal events, and volunteering at local schools and libraries. Our initial thought with this Shinto shrine was to create an auspicious bridge or portal between Japan and America to support our activities. On a larger scale, of course, our aspiration is that the hokora serves to facilitate peace and harmony on earth.

The natural rock that will house Sukunabikona. In the background are apple trees over 300 years old.

3) To start a shrine or hokora a priest is needed. How did you go about finding a sympathetic priest?
This was the biggest obstacle at first for us. We didn’t know how to go about trying to establish a shrine on our own. When we connected with Seiji Yamamoto sensei through an acquaintance in Japan, all the problems we were facing were solved!
Yamamoto sensei teaches Seitai body work and lucid mediation (明想) methods to the group of students at Aiko-ryu Kiko Seitai. He is also adept at Feng Shui, divination (易) and Old Shintō (Koshinto) tradition. Despite his busy schedule, he agreed to come to America to conduct the sacred ritual of welcoming the deity and properly enshrining him. His sincere interest in supporting this project has given us the energy and confidence to keep going.

4) How was the kami decided?
Even though Mami received the message of making a shrine, we weren’t sure which deity to enshrine at the beginning. Another friend of ours in Japan, who is very knowledgeable about Shinto, advised us to enshrine Sukunabikona (少彦名神), knowing we work with medicinal plants, fermentation, and women’s health. Once the name of Sukunabikona came to us, we received many confirmations that it is the right deity for us.

Then, Yamamoto sensei received a message from the deity directly (goshintaku) when he visited the Sukunabikona shrine in Osaka a couple of days after our first virtual meeting. Sukunabikona gave direct guidance, saying, “I will come where the land is red, looking up a black mountain.”

There is already a torii gate at Menla leading to the spa facility that was built many years ago.

We soon found the location for the hokora in a pristine forest in the middle of the Catskill State Park, surrounded by unspoiled wilderness. The land, considered sacred by Native Americans, contains red clay, and faces the peak of Panther Mountain. It is the site of the Menla Retreat Center in Phoenicia, NY. The leadership and staff there have been open and welcoming to the project because Menla means “medicine” and the shrine’s purpose aligns with the spiritual and healing retreats offered year-round at the center. The idea of having a dragon companion for Menla’s resident naga, a serpent creature the Dalai Lama saw during one of his visits, is also very exciting.

Nena Thurman, the owner of Menla Retreat Center with the rock that will act as hokora.

5) How about the size of the hokora, and where will it come from?
Initially, we thought we had to find a specialized carpenter who could build a small shrine in Japanese style, and were struggling to find one in our area. Then, we learned we could enshrine the deity in a natural rock according to the Koshinto tradition. We searched the Menla property and found a relatively small rock to become a hokora. Yamamoto sensei confirmed the rock, naturally deposited during the time of glacier melt, has a very good energy.

Side shot of the proposed hokora, with reddish soil visible over the flat rock in the foreground. In the distance is Panther Mountain.

6) What are the costs and how have you funded the project?
We have organized a grassroots effort to raise the funds for this project.
The major expense is the transportation cost for Seiji Yamamoto sensei, his wife, and disciple from Tokyo, Japan. They are staying here for 3 nights and 4 days as the teacher’s schedule is tight. Other expenses include preparation for the ceremony, a large wooden sign about the hokora and the deity, offering materials, and the cost for future maintenance.

We have launched a GoFundMe campaign, but it has been difficult to reach people who share the same interest and passion as we do. Additionally, we have also been organizing events in our local areas to raise funds. We are having fun with it, but would love more international support!

7) Your shrine will not be part of Jinja Hocho (Association of Shinto Shrines? Is that a concern, or not?
It is not a concern for us, mainly because having a shrine/hokora in the United States is a unique situation that needs to function outside of ordinary Japanese formalities.

8) Finally, do you have any advice for others thinking of doing something similar?
Mami says “You have to be almost an idiot (あほ) or extremely optimistic to think of doing a project like this.” She advises that if you are called to do something like this, “Surrender to your passion and do not overthink it. Also, it is very important to have a group of like-minded, good friends and supporters to work together. A project like this is large and serves the community in the long run.”

Organisers: from left Fukiko, Mami and Michael, the executive director of Menla Spiritual Center.

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To donate or contribute to the project, please click here.

Welcoming the Shinto deity Sukunabikona to USA, orgnaised by Shoko Mani


Taoist links with Shinto

3, 5, 7 are lucky numbers in Taoism .

Not many people realise the debt Shinto owes to Taoism. It’s usually asserted that Shinto is the native religion of Japan, as if it is a purely indigenous creation. In fact, up to 70% of modern Shinto rituals are taken from Taoism (also written as Daoism).

Take the divination for instance, which comes from Taoism. Or take the 7-5-3 numerological symbolism which comes from Tao. Or even the mitsu tomoe, symbol of Shinto, which derives from the Taoist triad of heaven, earth and human.

In a youtube video the presenters put forward five general principles of Taoism, which also speak to the core values of ancient Shinto.

1 God and the universal way are beyond comprehension.
In Taoism it is often said that the Way has no name. Similarly in ancient Shinto the kami had no name. They were seen as local manifestations of a universal force that ran through the universe and were beyond understanding. Talking about the incomprehensible is meaningless. That’s why Shinto has no dogma and doctrine. Only as the Yamato state asserted its power through the means of strategically sited shrines did kami take on the names with which we are familiar today.

2) Good and evil are human perceptions, which do not exist in nature
Christians often attack Shinto as being amoral, and Catholic missionaries of the sixteenth century thought it akin to devil worship because the ‘gods’ of Shinto included malicious as well as benevolent aspects. Taoism, like Shinto, recognises that you can’t have good without evil, any more than you can have light without darkness, or truth without falsehood. There is no supreme good, and Amaterasu is not an almighty and all-knowing goddess.

Mitsu tomoe emblem on a Hachiman horse

3) Nature’s laws are heaven’s laws
Taoism looks to nature as the supreme teacher, and Shinto is rooted in kannagara, the way of nature. ‘Heaven follows the way of Tao, and Tao follows the laws of nature,’ says the Tao Te Ching. The consequence that both Tao and ancient Shinto draw from this are similar: ‘living in harmony with the earth, keeping your body healthy, taking care of your family, living a simple natural lifestyle – these are the ways to cultivate contentment, virtue and life,’ runs the Taoist ideal. Similar values are found in ancient Shinto, which put forward the ideals of sincerity, simplicity and naturalness.

4) Karma is self-inflicted
There is no divine punishment by some entity which judges our moral behaviour, but rather natural consequences that flow from our actions. Heaven and the ways of nature are impartial. Selfishness and wrong-doing however result in suffering. You reap what you sow.
(Taoism combines this with a belief in reincarnation, which I think differentiates it from Shinto, where life after death is left to Buddhism and ancestor worship.)

5) All is one
We are all part of one universe and share in the ultimate mystery. Words and the naming of things spread division, but silence and wonder are the natural response. ‘The unity is said to be the Mystery. Mystery of mysteries – the door to all wonders,’ says the Tao Te Ching. Take life as it is, lead a balanced lifestyle, keep healthy, contribute to the community, practise tai chi or aikido, strive for oneness, don’t cultivate the ego. Selflessness. Here Taoism merges with Shinto which merges with Buddhism. All is ultimately one.

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For a 8.30 minute long video of Five Beliefs that Make You Taoist, click here.

Purification rites like this derive from Taoist influence. Simple, healthy, life-affirming immersion in nature.

A multifaith meeting at Ise with Taoists front centre

Okinawa 4: Shrines

An Okinawan village shrine (photo in the Nakajin Castle Museum)

 

Different styles of village gathering places

 

At Nakijin Castle on the Okinawan main island, there is a museum with an exhibition of Ryukyu practices.  It includes pictures of kamiasagi, which are gathering places for religious ceremonies.  These are not to be confused with the more widely known utaki sacred sites.  So what’s the difference?

The utaki were special sites where the spirits dwelled or into which they descended. As such they were off-limits to ordinary folk: only the priestesses could go there for special rites.  These numinous sites were often copses or springs, far beyond the village boundaries.

The kamiasagi on the other hand were not hallowed ground as such, but places where gatherings could be held.  Since they were easily accessible by villagers, they acted as an intermediary point between the village and the sacred site.  Not every village had one, I was told, but most did.

In response to my question about how far Ryukyu religion was still being practised, the woman running the museum told me that ordinary people still continued former practices but that the noro (priestesses) were slowly dying out.  In her own village for instance, the noro was eighty years old and with no one likely to succeed her.

Once the noro had received an official stipend, but this had been stopped in Meiji times and now they had to make do as they could.   For the young it was not an attractive proposition, and the daughters of noro who used to take over the family tradition often choose to move away or take up other career paths.

All dressed up at Futenma Shrine for the 7 – 5 – 3 ceremony

But even without the noro, Ryukyu practices live on.  I came across an interesting example at Futenma Shrine, where 7-5-3 celebrations were in full flow.  which was established as an outpost of Honshu’s sovereignty in Edo times, dedicated to the Kumano kami, and is considered one of the eight major shrines of the Ryukyus.

While most visitors carried out prayers in the conventional Shinto manner, two locals squatted before the shrine and directed their prayers in a different direction.  It turned out that they were worshipping more ancient gods than those of the Jinja, for the shrine is built above an extensive cave (280 meters long), which was sacred to locals before the coming of the Satsuma invaders.

Eerie and atmospheric, the cave has a numinous quality that makes one wonder why it is kept locked up (you have to get permission from the shrine office to visit).  It’s used once a year for a ceremony at which some 800 people attend, and it honours two ancient kami, Megami and Sennen (The Old Mountain Man).

Megami was a beautiful but pious woman, who wished not to be seen.  However, the husband of her younger sister caught sight of her when he peeked into her house, as a result of which she rushed out and took refuge in the cave, never to be seen again.  (A very Taoist tale, methinks, with overtones of Amaterasu’s Rock Cave myth.)

The legend of Sennen, the Old Mountain Man, has to do with the incarnation of a spirit who visited a poor woman, whose life was one of sacrifice and deprivation.  As a test of her honesty, he gave her a wrapped item which he told her was valuable and asked her to keep it for him.  Despite his disappearance, the woman did all she could to find and return the item to him, as a reward for which he presented her with gold.  As a token of their gratitude, she and her husband built a shrine in the cave to the Sennen.

The cave, and the shrine above it, stand right next to the fenced gateway of the US military base at Futenma.  It’s an odd juxtaposition.  Here in a nutshell the history of the island is laid out, from the myths of Ryukyu times, to domination by Satsuma, to integration into Japan, and to American hegemony.

A shrine that speaks to another world turns out to have much to say about this world too.

The Futenma cave: a special space only opened on request  

Haunting and atmospheric: the Futenma cave is right next to the US military base

 

Meanwhile, above the cave the 7-5-3 ceremonies were being carried out in true Shinto style

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